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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Blog” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_color=”#f4f4f4″ custom_margin=”120px|||||” custom_padding=”43px||150px||false|false” top_divider_style=”wave2″ top_divider_color=”#fff” top_divider_height=”355px” bottom_divider_style=”wave2″ bottom_divider_color=”#027bce” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_color=”#ffffff” min_height=”904px” custom_margin=”-79px|auto||auto|false|false” custom_padding=”7px||277px|||” border_radii=”on|15px|15px|15px|15px” border_style_bottom=”none” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||20px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pzlb_u53o_211112-scaled.jpg” alt=”Gebr\u00fcder Heyl Wasseranalysegeraete Kesselhaus” title_text=”Isometric industrial area of desalination plant” _builder_version=”4.23.4″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Around 96% of all global water is the salt water in the oceans. In an age of increasing scarcity of fresh water, utilisation of seawater is becoming ever more important.<\/p>\n
With the use of suitable treatment methods such as desalination technologies, the water can be used as drinking water and process water, e.g. in the food or manufacturing industries, and in steam generation.<\/p>\n
Desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis (RO) through membrane filtration is generally associated with a number of familiar problems.<\/p>\n
One of these problems is scale formation, which is caused by the alkalinity (calcium hardness) of the seawater. The deposits mostly consist of insoluble calcium salts such as calcium sulphate (CaSO4<\/sub>) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3<\/sub>).<\/p>\n These can<\/p>\n Currently, the three most important commercially available desalination technologies for large-scale applications are multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multiple-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO).<\/p>\n However, these desalination technologies generally only offer a water recovery rate of 40-55%, mainly due to the problems with scale formation mentioned above.<\/p>\n In order to make this process as efficient as possible, precise monitoring and reduction of the calcium hardness (alkalinity) is crucial. The Testomat\u00ae Pro Ca self clean<\/strong> is the ideal monitoring device for this purpose.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ custom_padding=”10px|10px|10px|10px|false|false” border_radii=”on|7px|7px|7px|7px” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#027BCE” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n The overall alkalinity of seawater varies between 100 and 130 mg\/l of CaCO3<\/sub>, with an average of 116 mg\/l.<\/p>\n Calcium hardness as CaCO3<\/sub> (mg\/l) [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_enable_color=”off” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_stops=”#027bce 0%|#3a85b7 100%” background_color_gradient_start=”#027bce” background_color_gradient_end=”#3a85b7″ custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” border_radii=”off||||15px” border_width_top=”1px” border_color_top=”#ffffff” border_width_right=”1px” border_color_right=”#ffffff” border_color_bottom=”#3a85b7″ border_color_left=”#3a85b7″ box_shadow_style=”preset2″ box_shadow_horizontal=”-7px” box_shadow_vertical=”7px” box_shadow_blur=”22px” box_shadow_spread=”-4px” box_shadow_color=”#c4c4c4″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_sidebar area=”et_pb_widget_area_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”18px” body_font=”||||||||” body_text_align=”left” body_font_size=”15px” body_letter_spacing=”1px” body_line_height=”1.5em” background_layout=”dark” custom_padding=”40px|||40px|false|false” text_shadow_style=”preset5″ text_shadow_color=”#3a85b7″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Seawater treatmentAround 96% of all global water is the salt water in the oceans. In an age of increasing scarcity of fresh water, utilisation of seawater is becoming ever more important. With the use of suitable treatment methods such as desalination technologies, the water can be used as drinking water and process water, e.g. in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1340,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17035","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17035"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22909,"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17035\/revisions\/22909"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/heylanalysis.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
water through pipes,<\/li>\n
of heat exchangers and<\/li>\n
membranes and thermal processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTechnical solutions<\/h4>\n
Calcium hardness of seawater<\/strong><\/h4>\n
– Soft: 0-20
– Moderately soft: 20-40
– Moderately hard: 40-80
– Hard: 80-120
– Very hard: >120<\/p>\n